{"id":29717,"date":"2023-11-08T11:48:26","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T07:48:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bankofgeorgia.ge\/blog\/siakhleebi\/ilia-chavchavadze-saqartvelos-yvelaze-didi-reformatori\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T11:04:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T07:04:39","slug":"ilia-chavchavadze-saqartvelos-yvelaze-didi-reformatori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bankofgeorgia.ge\/blog\/ar-gacherde\/chveni-ambebi\/ilia-chavchavadze-saqartvelos-yvelaze-didi-reformatori\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4: \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10dd\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u201d \u2014 1837 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10d0, \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u201c\u10e3\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u201d \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8&nbsp; \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da-\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-style-1 is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d6\u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0: \u10d0\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd. \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10e3\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7<\/em> &#8211; \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10db\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-style-2 is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. &#8230;\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d5\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 <\/em>&#8211; \u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u201c\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u201d \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da-\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0-\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e7\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e6\u10dd, \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea &#8211; \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u201c\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0-\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u201d, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10ef\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1885 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10ef\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0&nbsp; \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10e3\u10db\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u201c\u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10ec\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10dd-\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea. \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da-\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d7 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u201d, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ea\u10d0. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u200b\u200b\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1, \u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u201e\u10d0\u10e5 [\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8] \u10e3\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da-\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8, \u2014 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10ea\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4, \u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e3\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da-\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u201c\u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d7 \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u201d, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10ef\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 1905 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 (\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e6\u10dd), \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u201c\u10e1\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0, \u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0-\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e8\u10d8\u10db\u10e8\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10e7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 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